• The mystery solved about the active phas

    From ScienceDaily@1:317/3 to All on Thu May 5 22:30:38 2022
    The mystery solved about the active phase in catalytic carbon dioxide reduction to methanol

    Date:
    May 5, 2022
    Source:
    Stockholm University
    Summary:
    Researchers have been able to study the surface of a copper-zinc
    catalyst when carbon dioxide is reduced to methanol. A better
    knowledge of the catalytic process and the possibility of finding
    even more efficient materials opens the door for a green transition
    in the chemical industry.



    FULL STORY ========================================================================== Researchers at Stockholm University have for the first time been able
    to study the surface of a copper-zinc catalyst when carbon dioxide is
    reduced to methanol, the results are published in the scientific journal Science. A better knowledge of the catalytic process and the possibility
    of finding even more efficient materials opens the door for a green
    transition in the chemical industry.


    ========================================================================== Methanol is currently one of the most important petrochemical basic
    chemicals, with an annual production of 110 million tones, and can be
    converted into tens of thousands of different products and used for the manufacture of, for example, plastics, detergents, pharmaceuticals and
    fuels. Methanol also has the potential to become a future energy carrier
    where, for example, aviation fuel can be produced using captured carbon
    dioxide and hydrogen from electrolysis of water instead of using natural
    gas. A future green transformation of the chemical industry, similar to
    the one with green steel, where wind or solar energy drives electrolytic
    cells is therefore a possibility.

    "The challenge has been to experimentally investigate the catalyst
    surface with surface-sensitive methods under real reaction conditions
    at relatively high pressures and temperatures. Those conditions have for
    many years not been achievable and different hypotheses about zinc being available as oxide, metallic or in alloy with copper arose but could not
    be unambiguously verified," says Anders Nilsson, professor of Chemical
    Physics at Stockholm University.

    "It is fantastic that we have been able to shed light into this complex
    topic of methanol formation over copper-zinc catalyst after many years
    of effort" says Peter Amann, first author of the publication.

    "What is special is that we have built a photoelectron spectroscopy
    instrument in Stockholm that allows studies of catalyst surfaces under
    high pressures and thereby directly been able to observe what happens
    when the reaction takes place," says David Degerman, PhD student in
    Chemical Physics at Stockholm University. "We have opened a new door
    into catalysis with our new instrument." "We have succeeded using our instrument to demonstrate that zinc is alloyed with copper right at
    the surface and this provides special atomic sites where methanol is
    created from carbon dioxide," says Chris Goodwin, researcher in Chemical Physics at Stockholm University. "During industrial processes, a small
    amount of carbon monoxide is mixed in, which prevents the formation of
    zinc oxide from carbon dioxide." "To have our Stockholm instrument at
    one of the brightest x-ray sources in the world at PETRA III in Hamburg
    has been crucial to conduct the study," says Patrick Lo"mker, Postdoc at Stockholm University. "We can now imagine the future with even brighter
    sources when the machine upgrades to PETRA IV." "We now have the tools
    to conduct research leading to possible other catalyst materials that
    can be used better to fit together with electrolysis-produced hydrogen
    for the green transition of the chemical industry, which today is
    completely fossil-based and accounts for 8% of the world-wide carbon
    dioxide emissions," says Anders Nilsson.

    The study was conducted in collaboration with the University of Innsbruck
    and Vienna Technical University, Austria and DESY in Hamburg and the Fritz-Haber Institute in Berlin, Germany. The study included former
    employees at the University Peter Amann, Hsin-Yi Wang, Markus Soldemo,
    Mikhail Shiplin, Jo"rgen Gladh, Joakim Halldin Stenlid and Mia Bo"rner.


    ========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by Stockholm_University. Note: Content
    may be edited for style and length.


    ========================================================================== Journal Reference:
    1. Peter Amann, Bernhard Klo"tzer, David Degerman, Norbert Ko"pfle,
    Thomas
    Go"tsch, Patrick Lo"mker, Christoph Rameshan, Kevin Ploner,
    Djuro Bikaljevic, Hsin-Yi Wang, Markus Soldemo, Mikhail Shipilin,
    Christopher M. Goodwin, Jo"rgen Gladh, Joakim Halldin Stenlid, Mia
    Bo"rner, Christoph Schlueter, Anders Nilsson. The state of zinc in
    methanol synthesis over a Zn/ZnO/Cu(211) model catalyst. Science,
    2022; 376 (6593): 603 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj7747 ==========================================================================

    Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/05/220505143717.htm

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