A new polymer system to revolutionize the delivery of therapeutics


Date:
April 27, 2022
Source:
University of Massachusetts Amherst
Summary:
Researchers recently announced that they have engineered a new
class of material, called a 'polyzwitterionic complex,' or 'pZC,'
which is able to both withstand the harsh acidic conditions of the
stomach and then dissolve predictably in the comparatively gentle
environment of the small intestine. This property means that pZCs
could help revolutionize the delivery of medicines of all sorts,
from familiar oral antibiotics to new classes of delicate protein
therapeutics.



FULL STORY ========================================================================== Researchers at the University of Massachusetts Amherst recently
announced that they have engineered a new class of material, called a "polyzwitterionic complex," or "pZC," which is able to both withstand the
harsh acidic conditions of the stomach and then dissolve predictably in
the comparatively gentle environment of the small intestine. This property means that pZCs could help revolutionize the delivery of medicines of
all sorts, from familiar oral antibiotics to new classes of delicate
protein therapeutics.


========================================================================== "Despite the common experience of swallowing medications orally,
there is a huge number of therapies that are not available orally,"
says Khatcher Margossian, the lead author of the study and a candidate
for a dual M.D./Ph.D.

from Rush Medical College and the UMass Amherst Department of Polymer
Science and Engineering, respectively. This is because there are many
drugs that can't withstand the stomach's harshly acidic environment. Two
ways around this problem are to either inject or implant medications;
but in both cases, the pain, fear and potential side effects can limit a patient's willingness to undergo treatment or to stick with the treatment
plan through its full course.

And even those drugs that are strong enough to withstand the stomach's
acid and make it through to the small intestine, where they can be
absorbed into the bloodstream, often do not make it through entirely
intact. "The doses of oral medications are usually larger than what
our body really needs," explains Murugappan Muthukumar, the Wilmer
D. Barrett Professor in Polymer Science and Engineering at UMass Amherst
and the study's senior author. "This is because some of the medication decomposes in the stomach." "If there were some way to protect this
precious therapeutic cargo," says Margossian, "we could expand the
library of medications that we can deliver orally." Figuring out how
to protect the precious cargo is exactly what Margossian, Muthukumar,
and their colleagues have done.

The study, recently published in Nature Communications, details a new
class of material, called a pZC, which forms through a process known as "complex coacervation." In their system, two types of charged polymers,
a polyzwitterion and a polyelectrolyte, associate to form a protective
droplet inside of which medications can travel. The trick that the pZC
has to perform is that it not only needs to be tough enough to withstand
the highly acidic stomach environment, it also has to disassemble in
the much gentler, neutral conditions of the small intestine.

Paradoxically, the key to the group's success was not to strengthen
the bonds between the polyzwitterion and polyelectrolyte but to weaken
them. "Weakening the association between the two materials," says
Muthukumar, "allows us to control precisely when they come apart. If
the bonds are too strong, then there's no room to play." The group's
research is driven by the real-life needs of medical practitioners.

Not only will these materials allow clinicians to more efficiently deliver
the right dosages of drugs, but they will vastly increase the number of medications that can be taken orally. "This is a foundational technology
that can alter how we treat disease," says Margossian. "We hope that our
work will make its way into clinicians' hands and help them save lives."
This research was supported by the National Science Foundation and the
Air Force Office of Scientific Research.


========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by
University_of_Massachusetts_Amherst. Note: Content may be edited for
style and length.


========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. Khatcher O. Margossian, Marcel U. Brown, Todd Emrick, Murugappan
Muthukumar. Coacervation in polyzwitterion-polyelectrolyte
systems and their potential applications for gastrointestinal
drug delivery platforms. Nature Communications, 2022; 13 (1) DOI:
10.1038/s41467-022- 29851-y ==========================================================================

Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/04/220427171437.htm

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