• Not all dietary fiber is created equal:

    From ScienceDaily@1:317/3 to All on Wed Apr 6 22:30:40 2022
    Not all dietary fiber is created equal: cereal fiber but not fruit or vegetable fibers are linked with lower inflammation
    Cereal fiber is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease


    Date:
    April 6, 2022
    Source:
    Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health
    Summary:
    Researchers evaluated whether dietary fiber intake was associated
    with a decrease in inflammation in older adults and if fiber was
    inversely related to cardiovascular disease. The results showed
    that total fiber, and more specifically cereal fiber but not
    fruit or vegetable fiber, was consistently associated with lower
    inflammation and lower CVD incidence.

    Until now there had been limited data on the link between fiber
    and inflammation among older adults, who have higher levels of
    inflammation compared with younger adults.



    FULL STORY ========================================================================== Researchers at Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health and colleagues evaluated whether dietary fiber intake was associated with
    a decrease in inflammation in older adults and if fiber was inversely
    related to cardiovascular disease. The results showed that total fiber,
    and more specifically cereal fiber but not fruit or vegetable fiber,
    was consistently associated with lower inflammation and lower CVD
    incidence. Until now there had been limited data on the link between
    fiber and inflammation among older adults, who have higher levels of inflammation compared with younger adults.

    The study findings are published in JAMA Network Open.


    ==========================================================================
    The research includes data from a large and well-characterized prospective cohort of elderly individuals, with detailed data on dietary intake, inflammation, and incidence of CVD. The research confirmed previously
    observed associations between dietary fiber and CVD and extended those investigations to include the source of the fiber, the relationship of
    fiber with multiple inflammatory markers, and to test whether inflammation mediated the relationship between dietary fiber and CVD.

    Of the 4125 adults enrolled in the Cardiovascular Health Study from 1989
    to 1990 participants received a food frequency questionnaire that was administered to those without prevalent CVD at enrollment and then were followed up visits for development CVD (stroke, myocardial infarction,
    and atherosclerotic cardiovascular death) through June 2015. Blood
    samples were assessed for markers of inflammation.

    "Higher intakes of dietary fiber is associated with lower CVD risk. A
    common hypothesis has been that higher fiber intakes reduce inflammation, subsequently leading to lower CVD risk" said Rupak Shivakoti, PhD,
    assistant professor of epidemiology at Columbia Mailman School. 'With
    findings from this study, we are now learning that one particular
    type of dietary fiber -- cereal fiber -- but not fruit or vegetable
    fiber was associated with lower inflammation. With findings from this
    study we now are learning that cereal fiber has the potential to reduce inflammation and will need to be tested in future interventional studies." Although there are data to suggest that fiber in general might have anti- inflammatory effects by improving gut function, modifying diet and satiety
    (eg, reduced fat and total energy intake), and improving lipid and glucose profile metabolism, why cereal fiber but not vegetable or fruit fiber
    is associated with lower inflammation is not clear and warrants further investigation, noted Shivakoti. Further, he notes that it is not clear
    whether cereal fiber per se or other nutrients in foods rich in cereal
    fiber are driving the observed relationships.

    "Additionally, we learned that inflammation had only a modest role in
    mediating the observed inverse association between cereal fiber and CVD," observed Shivakoti. "This suggests that factors other than inflammation
    may play a larger role in the cereal fiber-associated reduction in CVD and
    will need to be tested in future interventions of specific populations.

    Co-authors are from Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health; University of Washington; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical
    School; Boston Veterans Healthcare; Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont; San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System; University of California-San Francisco; Kaiser Permanente Washington
    Health Research Institute; New York Academy of Medicine; Beth Israel
    Deaconess Medical Center; and Harvard Chan School of Public Health,
    The research was supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood
    Institute, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke,
    and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and
    Human Development.


    ========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by Columbia_University's_Mailman_School_of_Public_Health.

    Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


    ========================================================================== Journal Reference:
    1. Rupak Shivakoti, Mary L. Biggs, Luc Djousse', Peter Jon Durda,
    Jorge R.

    Kizer, Bruce Psaty, Alex P. Reiner, Russell P. Tracy, David
    Siscovick, Kenneth J. Mukamal. Intake and Sources of Dietary
    Fiber, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Disease in Older
    US Adults. JAMA Network Open, 2022; 5 (3): e225012 DOI:
    10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.5012 ==========================================================================

    Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/04/220406132428.htm

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