• The worrying arrival of the invasive Asi

    From ScienceDaily@1:317/3 to All on Wed Mar 30 22:30:44 2022
    The worrying arrival of the invasive Asian needle ant in Europe

    Date:
    March 30, 2022
    Source:
    Universitat Pompeu Fabra - Barcelona
    Summary:
    A research team has, for the first time in Europe, identified a
    specimen of Asian needle ant (Brachyponera chinensis), a highly
    invasive species.



    FULL STORY ========================================================================== Invasive exotic species are considered one of the main causes of the
    current biodiversity crisis. In recent years, humans have introduced 200 species of ant from outside of their natural area of distribution and some
    of them have become invasive. Such is the case of the Asian needle ant, Brachyponera chinensis, which has seen its area of distribution greatly
    expand in the last 80 years.


    ==========================================================================
    Its natural distribution includes coastal regions of mainland China,
    Taiwan, the Korean peninsula and Japan, while in the 1930s it was
    introduced to the United States, where it has become established and is
    now present in 17 states.

    In North America, B. chinensis invades native forest habitats and has
    had a strong negative effect on most native ant species. In addition,
    due to its bite and the properties of the poison it injects, B. chinensis
    has been identified as an emerging threat to public health in the US,
    as it can cause serious allergic reactions.

    Now a research team led by the Institute of Evolutionary Biology (IBE), a
    joint centre of the CSIC and Pompeu Fabra University (UPF) in Barcelona,
    Spain, presents the first confirmed record of Brachyponera chinensis
    in Europe. One of the authors of the study and amateur entomologist,
    Vincenzo Gentile, collected an unidentified male of the genus Brachyponera
    that was attracted to the light of a streetlamp on 3 July 2020 in Torre Annunziata (Naples, Italy), in a residential area about 1 km from the
    city's port. The morphology of the specimen and subsequent genetic
    analysis confirmed that it was the first specimen of Brachyponera
    chinensis identified in European territory.

    Initial morphological investigations revealed that the invasive ant did
    not belong to any of the most common invasive families -- Formicinae, Dolichoderinae and Myrmicinaesubfamilies -- but belonged to the Ponerinae, subfamily that predominantly consists of predatory ants. However,
    the specimen identified -- particularly of the genus Brachyponera --
    was different from any native Euro-Mediterranean ponerine.

    Subsequent genetic analysis carried out by INPhINIT "la Caixa"
    predoctoral researcher Mattia Menchetti at the Butterfly Diversity
    and Evolution Laboratory at the IBE, led by principal investigator
    Roger Vila, confirmed that it was a male of the species Brachyponera
    chinensis. The study suggests that it may have originated from the US,
    or that the invasive species has been introduced to the two continents
    from the same place of origin.

    "The genetic barcode, also known as DNA barcoding, is a very useful
    tool. It involves using a short DNA sequence like a barcode exclusive
    to each species.

    In this way, we can identify any sample, which is useful both in basic
    science and in the control of invasive species, pests, illegal trading,
    in forensic analysis, etc.," Menchetti explains.

    Like many other soil invertebrates, ants are often accidentally introduced
    into new environments due to globalization and in particular plant
    trade. Their frequent introduction to private gardens hinders detecting
    these species in the early stages, before they spread through a broad
    region, as is the case of B.

    chinensis in Torre Annunziata. Although the ants of the city of Naples
    had been studied between 2016 and 2021, no other individuals of this
    species had been found.

    The fact that they have collected a flying male, in the process of
    swarming, indicates that at least one nest is already at an advanced stage following its introduction. "The source nest may be in difficult-to-access private areas and the colony -- or colonies -- may have time to propagate without being detected," Menchetti adds. "However, neither can it be
    ruled out that a colony without queens has been introduced and that the
    males have been produced by worker ants, which is exceptional but possible
    for B. chinensis." The Mediterranean basin is home to a growing number
    of exotic species, but most have been limited to building interiors and greenhouses, or urban environments.

    However, the expansion of B. chinensisin North American forest habitats suggests that this species could invade European natural habitats,
    forests in particular, leading to possible negative effects on native
    ant communities and the health of the ecosystems.

    "This is an invasive species that is causing significant ecological and
    health problems in the United States and could have effects in Europe comparable to those of the Asian hornet or the Argentine ant. Experience
    tells us that, once the exponential phase of expansion of an invasive
    species has been reached, we do not have the means to eradicate it
    and at most, we can control it by investing huge amounts of public
    resources. Therefore, it is necessary to take advantage of the window of opportunity posed by the so-called latency phase: the time during which
    the invasive species becomes established in the new place and is still
    very localized. We must rethink the strategy of controlling invasive
    species and redirect resources towards biomonitoring, which will allow
    early detection, and the deployment of a rapid response team as soon as
    the alarm of a new introduction sounds," Vila advises.

    In addition, the establishment of B. chinensis in urban areas could pose
    a public health problem, in the light of the documented reaction caused
    by the poison injected by this ant. "We appeal for action at this early
    stage of the new biological invasion and propose a detailed survey of
    a large area around Torre Annunziata," Menchetti adds.

    This research has received the support of the "la Caixa" Foundation,
    among others.


    ========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by
    Universitat_Pompeu_Fabra_-_Barcelona. Note: Content may be edited for
    style and length.


    ========================================================================== Journal Reference:
    1. Mattia Menchetti, Enrico Schifani, Vincenzo Gentile, Roger Vila. The
    worrying arrival of the invasive Asian needle ant Brachyponera
    chinensis in Europe (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa, 2022; 5115
    (1): 146 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5115.1.10 ==========================================================================

    Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/03/220330103239.htm

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